Terrestrial LiDAR monitoring of coastal foredune evolution in managed and unmanaged systems     

I. Conery  K. Brodie  N. Spore  J. Walsh 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(4):877-892

Coastal dunes provide essential protection for infrastructure in developed regions, acting as the first line of defence against ocean-side flooding. Quantifying dune erosion, growth and recovery from storms is critical from management, resiliency and engineering with nature perspectives. This study utilizes 22 months of high-resolution terrestrial LiDAR (Riegl VZ-2000) observations to investigate the impact of management, anthropogenic modifications and four named storms on dune morphological evolution along ~100 m of an open-coast, recently nourished beach in Nags Head, NC. The influences of specific management strategies – such as fencing and plantings – were evaluated by comparing these to the morphologic response at an unmanaged control site at the USACE Field Research Facility (FRF) in Duck, NC (33 km to the north), which experienced similar environmental forcings. Various beach-dune morphological parameters were extracted (e.g. backshore-dune volume) and compared with aeolian and hydrodynamic forcing metrics between each survey interval. The results show that LiDAR is a useful tool for quantifying complex dune evolution over fine spatial and temporal scales. Under similar forcings, the managed dune grew 1.7 times faster than the unmanaged dune, due to a larger sediment supply and enhanced capture through fencing, plantings and walkovers. These factors at the managed site contributed to the welding of the incipient dune to the primary foredune over a short period of less than a year, which has been observed to take up to decades in natural systems. Storm events caused alongshore variable dune erosion primarily to the incipient dune, yet also caused significant accretion, particularly along the crest at the managed site, resulting in net dune growth. Traditional empirical Bagnold equations correlated with observed trends of backshore-dune growth but overpredicted magnitudes. This is likely because these formulations do not encompass supply-limiting factors and erosional processes. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

陡立矿山岩壁治理中的飘台稳定性分析          下载免费PDF全文

王腾飞  王蒙 《探矿工程》2020,47(10):61-66

随着国家和社会的发展，人们对生态环境越发重视。在经济发展的过程中，因采矿而遗留下了大量的废弃矿坑，这些矿坑的治理迫在眉睫。飘台作为一种治理高陡光滑岩壁的有效方法，在实际工程中被大量使用，然而对飘台稳定性的分析大多停留在简单的公式上。本文设计了一种适用于陡立矿山岩壁治理的砼制飘台结构，提炼了计算飘台稳定性的公式并结合FLAC3D数值模拟软件，对飘台的稳定性进行了分析。研究结果表明，此砼制飘台比较适用于陡立矿山岩壁的治理。  相似文献   

The Natural Resource Management Planning Portal: Perspectives for NRM Planning and Reporting     

Birgita D. Hansen  Peter G. Dahlhaus  Robert G. Milne  Andrew D. MacLeod  Chris Pitfield 《社会与自然资源》2019,32(6):709-719

Natural Resource Management (NRM) is often conducted as a partnership between government and citizens. In Australia, government agencies formulate policy and fund implementation that may be delivered on-ground by community groups (such as Landcare). Since the late 1980s, over AUS$8b of Commonwealth investment has been made in NRM. However, quantitative evidence of environmental improvements is lacking. The NRM Planning Portal has been developed to (1) provide an online spatial information system for sharing Landcare and agency data; and (2) to facilitate NRM priority setting at local and regional planning scales. While the project successfully federates Landcare NRM activity data, challenges included (1) unstructured, non-standardized data, meaning that quantitative reporting against strategic objectives is not currently possible, and (2) a lack of common understanding about the value proposition for adopting the portal approach. Demonstrating the benefit of technology adoption is a key lesson for digital NRM planning.  相似文献   

载人潜水器运行管理机制探析          下载免费PDF全文

齐海滨  李德威  刘保华  杨雷  刘晓辉 《海洋开发与管理》2019,36(7):3-7

为了探索深海,不同类型的深海运载装备得以成功开发,并应用于深海科学、资源勘探开发、工程保障及战略安全等不同领域。深海运载装备可以分为载人潜水器(HOV)、遥控深潜器(ROV)、自治式深潜器(AUV)及混合型深潜器,其中以载人潜水器为代表的高技术装备群成为建设海洋强国的重要保障力量。文章对美国"阿尔文"号、俄罗斯"和平I"号和"和平II"号、日本"深海6500"号、法国"鹦鹉螺"号、中国"蛟龙"号载人潜水器运行管理机制进行了阐述,综合比较其优缺点,提出了建立职业化运行保障队伍、优化作业流程,创新组织结构、探索多型潜水器海上作业模式等运行管理机制构架的建议。  相似文献   

从人力资源管理视角看注册测绘师制度     

刘依然 《北京测绘》2020,(3):329-332

注册测绘师制度作为保证测绘成果质量、强化法律责任和全面贯彻落实《中华人民共和国测绘法》的重要举措,对测绘企业乃至测绘地理信息行业都有着深远影响。本文试从人力资源管理的角度进行解读,分析注册测绘师制度对人力资源规划、岗位设置和人力资源供求关系的影响,并结合自身的工作经验和所思所想提出了特定项目试点执业、建立信息共享平台和实行绩效管理等执业建议,以实现注册测绘师、测绘企业和测绘地理信息行业的协同发展。  相似文献   

基于线粒体控制区序列的花斑蛇鲻遗传多态性分析     

李敏  孔啸兰  许友伟  陈作志 《热带海洋学报》2020,39(4):42-49

花斑蛇鲻(Saurida undosquamis)是一种重要的底层经济鱼类, 本研究利用线粒体控制区(D-loop区)序列分析了中国近海分布的花斑蛇鲻的遗传结构和遗传多样性, 一共测定了6个地理群体129尾样本的D-loop区全序列。结果显示, 全长为921bp的序列包含71个多态性位点, 共检测到101个单倍型。花斑蛇鲻总体呈现很高的单倍型多样性(0.9873 ± 0.0048)和较低的核苷酸多样性(0.0132 ± 0.0067)的特征。基于邻接法构建的单倍型系统发育树的拓扑结构很浅, 没有形成分化明显的支系。单倍型在各个地理群体中的分布呈分散交叉状态, 表明地理群体间没有显著的遗传分化。6个群体的分子方差分析显示, 花斑蛇鲻绝大部分的遗传变异(99.87%)来源于群体内的个体之间, 而群体间的变异仅占0.13%。大部分地理群体之间的遗传分化指数(F_ST)均很小, 揭示了群体间的基因交流很频繁, 存在高度的遗传同质性。这些研究结果表明中国近海的花斑蛇鲻遗传多样性丰富, 没有明显的遗传分化, 是一个随机交配群, 可以作为同一个渔业单元来管理。  相似文献   

Forest operations,tree species composition and decline in rainfall explain runoff changes in the Nacimiento experimental catchments,south central Chile     

Andrés Iroumé  Julia Jones  James C. Bathurst 《水文研究》2021,35(6):e14257

Few long-term studies have explored how intensively managed short rotation forest plantations interact with climate variability. We examine how prolonged severe drought and forest operations affect runoff in 11 experimental catchments on private corporate forest land near Nacimiento in south central Chile over the period 2008–2019. The catchments (7.7–414 ha) contain forest plantations of exotic fast-growing species (Pinus radiata, Eucalyptus spp.) at various stages of growth in a Mediterranean climate (mean long-term annual rainfall = 1381 mm). Since 2010, a drought, unprecedented in recent history, has reduced rainfall at Nacimiento by 20%, relative to the long-term mean. Pre-drought runoff ratios were <0.2 under 8-year-old Eucalyptus; >0.4 under 21-year-old Radiata pine and >0.8 where herbicide treatments had controlled vegetation for 2 years in 38% of the catchment area. Early in the study period, clearcutting of Radiata pine (85%–95% of catchment area) increased streamflow by 150 mm as compared with the year before harvest, while clearcutting and partial cuts of Eucalyptus did not increase streamflow. During 2008–2019, the combination of emerging drought and forestry treatments (replanting with Eucalyptus after clearcutting of Radiata pine and Eucalyptus) reduced streamflow by 400–500 mm, and regeneration of previously herbicide-treated vegetation combined with growth of Eucalyptus plantations reduced streamflow by 1125 mm (87% of mean annual precipitation 2010–2019). These results from one of the most comprehensive forest catchment studies in the world on private industrial forest land indicate that multiple decades of forest management have reduced deep soil moisture reservoirs. This effect has been exacerbated by drought and conversion from Radiata pine to Eucalyptus, apparently largely eliminating subsurface supply to streamflow. The findings reveal tradeoffs between wood production and water supply, provide lessons for adapting forest management to the projected future drier climate in Chile, and underscore the need for continued experimental work in managed forest plantations.  相似文献   

堆积阶地古老滑坡识别方法及其在线状工程地质勘察中的应用     

安玉科  樊江  马胜午  马建全  高娟  毛立军 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2020,50(6):1787-1794

阶地型古老滑坡体形成后，长期受各种营力影响，导致古老滑坡地貌形态破坏严重甚至消失。目前遥感技术和普通工程地质调绘很难发现这些滑坡的存在，给工程建设和后期运营造成较大安全隐患。为准确识别形态特征不明显的古老滑坡体，从阶地物质结构特征演变入手，找到阶地受剪切破坏产生的典型物质结构特征，将地层结构错断、卵砾石异常定向排列、摩擦镜面和泥包粒的眼球构造等作为滑坡准确识别依据。首先采用沿沟谷进行工程地质测绘的纵横交错追踪法确定滑坡体纵向范围和滑面形状，再结合地貌特征推测各级、块滑坡平面范围和分布，最后用点状勘探工程验证和校正推测结论。可将其总结为由"地貌异常、沿沟追踪、面上推断、点状校验"组成的阶地型滑坡识别方法，即物质结构异常推断法。结合线状工程勘察设计各阶段工作特点，提出线状工程前期工作中阶地型滑坡识别步骤，并在临渭高速公路工程建设项目中取得成功应用。  相似文献   

Census survey approach to quantifying īnanga spawning habitat for conservation and management     

Shane Orchard  Michael J. Hickford 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2018,52(2):284-294

Here, we describe a methodology for quantifying the spawning habitat of īnanga (Galaxias maculatus), a protected native fish species. Our approach is demonstrated with a survey of the Heathcote/ōpāwaho following the Canterbury earthquakes that produced unexpected findings. Spawning habitat was detected over a 2.5?km reach and the area occupied by spawning sites (75m²) was much larger than in previous records (ca.?21m²). Sites dominated by the invasive Phalaris arundinaceae were found to support high egg numbers. Spawning has not previously been recorded on this species and it is identified in the literature as a threat to spawning habitat. Considerable spatio-temporal variation was also detected in the location of spawning sites and pattern of egg production. Together, these aspects illustrate the need for a comprehensive survey methodology to reliably quantify spawning habitat. The Heathcote/ōpāwaho example shows the utility of our census approach for achieving this, and supporting habitat conservation objectives.  相似文献   

海洋功能区划与海洋生态红线关系探讨          下载免费PDF全文

高月鑫  曾江宁  黄伟  陈全震  寿鹿  徐晓群 《海洋开发与管理》2018,35(1):33-39

海洋生态红线制度是我国"五位一体"文明建设的具体要求。为进一步在自然科学与人文科学的联结点上探求深入开展生态红线工作的可能性,文章对比了实施多年的海洋功能区划与历史新阶段提出的海洋生态保护红线的概念和内涵,剖析了两者之间的区别与联系,指出海洋功能区划与海洋生态红线区划在法律地位和管控制度等方面具有一致性,在划分目标、空间管理及划分方法上具有差异性,海洋功能区划以"使用"为主,海洋生态红线以"保护"引领。在此基础上,建议未来海洋生态红线工作的开展可从海洋功能区划借鉴经验,建立完善的管控评估制度,确立生态保护红线的优先地位,处理好海洋功能区划与海洋生态红线区划的关系。同时,海洋生态红线区划应以维持海洋生态系统结构稳定和提高海洋生态系统服务功能为目标,将区域资源环境承载力评估作为一项参考指标,限制低承载区的开发利用,保证海洋生态环境健康可持续发展。  相似文献